The effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biomarkers on cardiovascular diseases

Nie Qigang; Arghavan Afra; Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel; Abduladheem Turki Jalil; Mohammad Javad Mohammadi; M Abdulfadhil Gatea; Efriza; Parisa Asban; Seyede Kosar Mousavi; Parnia Kanani; Fatemeh Mombeni Kazemi; Maryam Hormati; Fatemeh Kiani

doi:10.1515/reveh-2023-0070

The effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biomarkers on cardiovascular diseases

Rev Environ Health. 2023 Oct 2. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2023-0070. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Physician Department of the Health Team of the 32152 Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, The Health Team of the 32152 Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
² Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
³ Research group in educational statistics (GIEE), National University of Education (UNAE), Azogues, Ecuador.
⁴ Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Medellin, Colombia.
⁵ Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq.
⁶ Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
⁷ Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
⁸ Technical Engineering Department College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.
⁹ Public Health Department, Faculty of Health, Fort De Kock University, Bukittinggi, Indonesia.
¹⁰ Student of Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

PMID: 37775307
DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2023-0070

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) are part of particulate matter (PM), which is produced from incomplete combustion of organic matter. Biomarkers mean biological indicators, molecules that indicate a normal or abnormal process in the body and may be a sign of a condition or disease. Studies show that PAHs increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases through processes such as oxidative stress, inflammation and atherosclerosis. The present study focused on the evaluation of health effects PAHs biomarkers on cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this narrative study, data were collected from databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of science and Google Scholar in the period 1975-2023. After screening, duplicate and irrelevant articles were removed. Finally, 68 articles related to the effect of PAHs on CVD were included in the study. In addition to the articles found through the search in databases, another 18 articles from the references of the selected articles were included. According to the finding in during the biotransformation of PAH, a number of metabolites are made, such as phenols, diols, quinones, and epoxides. Phenolic isomers have the highest percentage and biomarkers used for their detection include 2-OHNAP used to trace naphthalene from heating processed food, 3-OHPHEN used to trace phenanthrene from diesel, 2-OHFLU used to trace fluorene and 1-OHPYR used to trace pyrene from cigarette and hookah smoke. According to the result, increasing blood pressure and heart rate and causing atherosclerosis are the main complications due to exposure to PAH metabolite on cardiovascular system. The most important agents that causes this affects including increased homocysteine, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), serum biomarkers of C-reactive protein, and triglycerides. Result this study showed that cardiovascular diseases risk is increased by exposure to PAH biomarkers from smoking, car emissions, occupational exposure, and incinerators. Therefore, strict controls should be implemented for sources of PAH production and exposure.

Keywords: biomarker; cardiovascular diseases (CVD); human health; oxidative stress; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs).

Publication types

Review