Functional Movement Disorder: Assessment and Treatment

Tereza Serranová; Ilaria Di Vico; Michele Tinazzi

doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2023.02.002

Functional Movement Disorder: Assessment and Treatment

Neurol Clin. 2023 Nov;41(4):583-603. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2023.02.002. Epub 2023 Apr 20.

Authors

Tereza Serranová¹, Ilaria Di Vico², Michele Tinazzi²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 30, 12 800, Prague, Czech Republic. Electronic address: tereza.serranova@vfn.cz.
² Movement Disorders Division, Department of Neurosciences, Neurology Unit, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale L. A. Scuro 10, 37124, Verona, VR, Italy.

PMID: 37775192
DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2023.02.002

Abstract

Functional movement disorder (FMD) is a common, potentially reversible source of disability in neurology. Over the last two decades, there have been major advances in our understanding of the clinical picture, diagnosis, and management of this condition. Motor presentation is heterogeneous and several non-motor symptoms (e.g., pain, fatigue) are part of the clinical spectrum. The diagnosis should be made by neurologists or neuropsychiatrists based on the presence of positive signs of inconsistency and incongruence with neurological diseases. Promising evidence has accumulated for the efficacy of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, or both in the management of FMD, for a majority of patients.

Keywords: Electrophysiology; Functional motor disorder; Functional neurological disorder; Incongruence; Inconsistency; Non-motor symptoms; Physiotherapy.

Publication types

Review