Purpose: To investigate whether the risk of peripheral nerve stimulation increases in the presence of bulky metallic prostheses implanted in a patient's body.
Methods: A computational tool was used to calculate the electric field (E-field) induced in a realistic human model due to the action of gradient fields. The calculations were performed both on the original version of the anatomical model and on a version modified through "virtual surgery" to incorporate knee, hip, and shoulder prostheses. Five exam positions within a body gradient coil and one position using a head gradient coil were simulated, subjecting the human model to the readout gradient from an EPI sequence. The induced E-field in models with and without prostheses was compared, focusing on the nerves and all other tissues (both including and excluding the bones from the analysis).
Results: In the nerves, the most pronounced increase in the E-field (+24%) was observed around the knee implant during an abdominal MRI (Y axis readout). When extending the analysis to encompass all tissues (excluding bones), the greatest amplification (+360%) occurred around the knee implant during pelvic MRI (Z axis readout). Notable increases in E-field peaks were also identified around the shoulder and hip implants in multiple scenarios.
Conclusion: Based on the presented results, further investigations aimed at quantifying the threshold of nerve stimulation in the presence of bulky implants are desirable.
Keywords: gradient fields; implants; peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS); safety.
© 2023 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.