Chiari Type 1 Malformation and Syringomyelia in Children: Classification and Treatment Options

Jehuda Soleman; Jonathan Roth; Shlomi Constantini

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-36785-4_4

Chiari Type 1 Malformation and Syringomyelia in Children: Classification and Treatment Options

Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg. 2023:48:73-107. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-36785-4_4.

Authors

Jehuda Soleman^{1

2

3}, Jonathan Roth¹, Shlomi Constantini⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
² Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
³ Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
⁴ Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel. sconsts@netvision.net.il.

PMID: 37770682
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-36785-4_4

Abstract

Chiari type 1 malformation (CIM) is defined as tonsillar ectopia of >5 mm, while syringomyelia (SM) is defined as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled cavity larger than 3 mm dissecting the spinal cord. Over the last decades, our understanding of these pathologies has grown; however, many controversies still exist almost in every aspect of CIM and SM, including etiology, indication for treatment, timing of treatment, surgical technique, follow-up regime, and outcome. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview on different aspects of CIM and SM and on the still existing controversies, based on the evidence presently available. Future directions for clinical research concerning CIM and SM treatment and outcome are elaborated and discussed as well.

Keywords: Basilar invagination; Chiari malformation; Foramen magnum decompression; Hydrocephalus; Pediatric neurosurgery; Scoliosis; Syringomyelia; Syrinx; Tethered cord.