Single session subconvulsive electrical stimulation has rapid therapeutic effects and reduces length of hospitalization in patients in an acute manic episode

Affiliations

• ¹ Hospital CUF Tejo, Lisbon, Portugal; NOVA Medical School (NMS/FCM) - NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Universidade do Mindelo, Rua Patrice Lumumba, CP 648, Mindelo, São Vicente, Republic of Cabo Verde; Psychiatry Department, Hospital Vila Franca de Xira, Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal.
• ² Department of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
• ³ Psychiatry Department, Hospital Vila Franca de Xira, Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal.
• ⁴ Psychiatry Department, Hospital Vila Franca de Xira, Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal; Psychiatry Department, Centro Hospitalar do Oeste, Unidade de Caldas da Rainha, Caldas da Rainha, Portugal.
• ⁵ Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
• ⁶ Cardiology Department, Hospital Vila Franca de Xira, Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal.
• ⁷ Hospital CUF Tejo, Lisbon, Portugal.
• ⁸ EpiUnit, Public Health Institute, University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal; Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Portugal.
• ⁹ Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: has1@cumc.columbia.edu.