People Wear Masks when they Ski: Comparing Congruent and Incongruent Behavioral Context Appeals

J Health Commun. 2023 Nov 2;28(11):728-738. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2023.2263745. Epub 2023 Nov 2.

Abstract

When advocating for a behavior, persuasive messaging typically focuses on the context that behavior is performed in, such as mask-wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, situating the advocated behavior in a different context, termed an incongruent context appeal, may persuade by increasing attention, novelty, and memorability. The current study tested this supposition in a message experiment. Participants (N = 324) were randomized to view an incongruent context (e.g. skiing) or a congruent context (i.e. COVID-19) appeal advocating for mask wearing. The incongruence appeal had a direct, positive effect on mask wearing intentions and indirect, positive effects via two serial mediation pathways: time spent with the message increased attention through novelty and memorability. Findings suggest that an incongruent context appeal is an effective strategy for persuading audiences in information-saturated environments like the COVID-19 pandemic.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Attention
  • COVID-19* / epidemiology
  • COVID-19* / prevention & control
  • Humans
  • Masks
  • Pandemics / prevention & control
  • SARS-CoV-2*