Age, Gender, Body Mass Index, and Foot Loading During Gait

Jorge Luis Alberto Castellini; María Florencia Grande Ratti; Débora Mirta Chan

doi:10.1177/24730114231198524

Age, Gender, Body Mass Index, and Foot Loading During Gait

Foot Ankle Orthop. 2023 Sep 25;8(3):24730114231198524. doi: 10.1177/24730114231198524. eCollection 2023 Jul.

Authors

Jorge Luis Alberto Castellini¹, María Florencia Grande Ratti^{2

3}, Débora Mirta Chan⁴

Affiliations

¹ Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Surgeon, Argentina.
² Internal Medicine Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
³ CONICET (National Council for Scientific and Technical Research), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
⁴ UTN (National Technological University), Buenos Aires Regional Faculty, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Abstract

Background: The aim was to analyze changes in normal functional parameters of gait analysis by aging, sex, and body mass index (BMI).

Methods: A cross-sectional study with a consecutive sample of asymptomatic subjects was performed between 2014 and 2020. Primary outcomes were time and force parameters (contact time and center of force [CoF] time), in the heel, midfoot, and metatarsal areas, measured using an in-office force platform.

Results: A total of 156 subjects (312 feet) were included, including 67% of women with a mean age of 47 years. The mean of total contact time was similar in males and females (P = .695) and across BMI (P = .413). Contact time did not show differences by region (P = .648 heel, P = .286 midfoot, and P = .690 metatarsal). CoF time in the heel and metatarsal areas did not change between males and females (P = .288 and P = .879, respectively); meanwhile, it was different in midfoot (P = .002). Maximum force showed a reduction between sexes in the heel (P = .039) but did not in the midfoot and metatarsal areas. By age, differences were detected in the heel and metatarsal areas in females (P = .002 and P = .001) and the metatarsal area in males (P = .001). According to the age groups, total contact time increased in females (P = .001) but not in males (P = .018), and no differences were detected between foot areas. In females, CoF time did not change either foot areas or age groups. In males, CoF time values increased in the midfoot area in the older group (P = .001).

Conclusion: Time variables did not change by foot region, independent of age, sex, and BMI. Heel maximum force decreased in females, probably linked to adaptive phenomena by aging. The midfoot remains stable, and acts as an undamaged "bridge." These parameters could be interpreted as normal in asymptomatic subjects.

Level of evidence: Level III, diagnostic and prognostic.

Keywords: asymptomatic patients; center of force; contact time; foot functional parameters; force platform; gait analysis; ground reaction force; maximum force.