The Role of CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR5, and CXCR6 Ligands in Molecular Cancer Processes and Clinical Aspects of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Jan Korbecki; Patrycja Kupnicka; Katarzyna Barczak; Mateusz Bosiacki; Paweł Ziętek; Dariusz Chlubek; Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka

doi:10.3390/cancers15184555

The Role of CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR5, and CXCR6 Ligands in Molecular Cancer Processes and Clinical Aspects of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Cancers (Basel). 2023 Sep 14;15(18):4555. doi: 10.3390/cancers15184555.

Authors

Jan Korbecki^{1

2}, Patrycja Kupnicka¹, Katarzyna Barczak³, Mateusz Bosiacki¹, Paweł Ziętek⁴, Dariusz Chlubek¹, Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
² Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland.
³ Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
⁴ Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Orthopaedic Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of leukemia known for its unfavorable prognoses, prompting research efforts to discover new therapeutic targets. One area of investigation involves examining extracellular factors, particularly CXC chemokines. While CXCL12 (SDF-1) and its receptor CXCR4 have been extensively studied, research on other CXC chemokine axes in AML is less developed. This study aims to bridge that gap by providing an overview of the significance of CXC chemokines other than CXCL12 (CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR5, and CXCR6 ligands and CXCL14 and CXCL17) in AML's oncogenic processes. We explore the roles of all CXC chemokines other than CXCL12, in particular CXCL1 (Gro-α), CXCL8 (IL-8), CXCL10 (IP-10), and CXCL11 (I-TAC) in AML tumor processes, including their impact on AML cell proliferation, bone marrow angiogenesis, interaction with non-leukemic cells like MSCs and osteoblasts, and their clinical relevance. We delve into how they influence prognosis, association with extramedullary AML, induction of chemoresistance, effects on bone marrow microvessel density, and their connection to French-American-British (FAB) classification and FLT3 gene mutations.

Keywords: AML; blood; bone marrow; chemokine; interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 kDa (IP-10); interleukin-8 (IL-8); leukemia; macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF).

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

This study was supported by the statutory budget of the Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry at Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland.