Recipients and caregivers of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HCT) have extensive physical and psychosocial needs. HCT programs recognize the need to support psychosocial wellbeing. However, evidence-based guidance for pre-HCT psychosocial services is sparse. We conducted a qualitative environmental scan of programs across Canada to better understand how programs evaluate and support patients and caregivers prior to HCT.
Methods: HCT programs across Canada were contacted with a list of questions about their psychosocial assessment and preparation process with patients and caregivers. They could respond via email or participate in an interview over the phone. Descriptive qualitative content analysis was conducted, using steps outlined by Vaismoradi and colleagues (2013).
Results: Most participants were social workers from hospitals (64%). Four qualitative themes arose: (a) Psychosocial Team Composition. Psychosocial assessment for HCT patients was often provided by social workers, with limited availability of psychologists and psychiatrists. (b) Criteria for assessing select HCT patients. Participants prioritized psychosocial assessments for patients with higher perceived psychosocial needs or risk, and/or according to transplant type. Limited time and high psychosocial staff demands also played into decision-making. (c) Components and Practices of Pre-HCT Psychosocial Assessment. Common components and differences of assessments were identified, as well as a lack of standardized tools. (d) Patient Education Sessions. Many sites provided adjunct patient education sessions, of varying depth.
Conclusion: Significant variation exists in the way programs across the country assess their patients' psychosocial pre-transplant needs and assist in preparing patients for the psychosocial aspects of HCT. This environmental scan identified several strategies used in diverse ways. Further in-depth research on program outcomes across Canada could help to identify which strategies are the most successful.
Keywords: environmental scan; hematopoietic stem cell transplant; psychoeducation; psychosocial screening; qualitative inquiry.