The field of cascade cyclization for the construction of 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) has been continuously expanding during the last decades because of their broad-spectrum biological and synthetic importance. To date, many methods have been developed, mainly including the Hantzsch reaction, Hantzsch-like reaction and newly developed cascade cyclization, in which various synthons have been successively developed as C4 sources of 1,4-DHPs. This review presents the cascade cyclization synthesis strategy for the construction of 1,4-DHPs according to various C4 sources from carbonyl compounds, alkenyl fragments, alcohols, aliphatic amines, glycines and other C4 sources.
Keywords: 1,4-Dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs); C4 sources of 1,4-DHPs; Cascade cyclization; Hantzsch reaction; N-Heterocyclics.
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.