Preliminary assessment of serum capillary zone electrophoresis in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus)

Shirley Osorio; Jeny Soto; Dennis Schmitt; Wendy Kiso; Carolyn Cray

doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1204880

Preliminary assessment of serum capillary zone electrophoresis in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus)

Front Vet Sci. 2023 Sep 7:10:1204880. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1204880. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Shirley Osorio¹, Jeny Soto¹, Dennis Schmitt^{2

3}, Wendy Kiso², Carolyn Cray¹

Affiliations

¹ Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.
² White Oak Conservation, Yulee, FL, United States.
³ Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, United States.

Abstract

Serum protein electrophoresis has been demonstrated to have utility in diagnostic workup, wellness exams, and prognosis. Agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) has previously been described for use with serum from Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). As the newer method of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is becoming more commonplace in veterinary diagnostic laboratories, serum samples from Asian elephants were examined using this method. CZE allowed for a reproducible definition of two beta fractions and, overall, showed a low coefficient of variation for fraction quantitation. Preliminary reference intervals were generated using samples primarily from an older population of 22 female elephants. Albumin levels determined by CZE were also compared with those determined by the bromocresol green method on a chemistry analyzer. It was found that the latter method overestimated the level of albumin with a mean positive bias of 11.6% or 0.38 g/dL, thus method-specific reference intervals should be used. Significant negative correlations were observed between A/G ratio determined by CZE and serum amyloid A levels (r = -0.47, p < 0.0001) and haptoglobin (r = -0.52, p < 0.0001); both APP were significantly correlated with the alpha 2 globulin fraction (p < 0.0001). CZE reflects an overall picture of changes in acute phase proteins and immunoglobulins and accurate quantitation of albumin and thus should be considered as an adjunct tool to the use of other measures of the acute phase response in patient monitoring.

Keywords: Asian elephant; Elephas maximus; acute phase protein; albumin; capillary zone electrophoresis; method comparison; reference intervals; serum protein electrophoresis.