The mechanisms and factors that induce trained immunity in arthropods and mollusks

Mingming Zhao; Zhongyang Lin; Zhihong Zheng; Defu Yao; Shen Yang; Yongzhen Zhao; Xiuli Chen; Jude Juventus Aweya; Yueling Zhang

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241934

The mechanisms and factors that induce trained immunity in arthropods and mollusks

Front Immunol. 2023 Sep 7:14:1241934. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241934. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Mingming Zhao¹, Zhongyang Lin¹, Zhihong Zheng¹, Defu Yao¹, Shen Yang², Yongzhen Zhao³, Xiuli Chen³, Jude Juventus Aweya^{1

2}, Yueling Zhang¹

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.
² College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
³ Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning, China.

Abstract

Besides dividing the organism's immune system into adaptive and innate immunity, it has long been thought that only adaptive immunity can establish immune memory. However, many studies have shown that innate immunity can also build immunological memory through epigenetic reprogramming and modifications to resist pathogens' reinfection, known as trained immunity. This paper reviews the role of mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetic modifications and describes the molecular foundation in the trained immunity of arthropods and mollusks. Mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetic modifications complement each other and play a key role in trained immunity.

Keywords: arthropods; epigenetic modifications; metabolism; mollusks; trained immunity.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adaptive Immunity
Animals
Arthropods*
Immunity, Innate
Mollusca
Trained Immunity*

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U22A20536, 32073008, and 32273170) and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 2022A1515011149).