Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant is defined as infiltrative diffuse glioma harboring IDH1/2 mutation without accompanying 1p/19q codeletion in the current diagnostic system based on the 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. This revision delineates this neoplasm as a molecularly and clinically relevant tumor type. The evidence for the clinical management of patients with glioma has been largely established based on the results of clinical studies using the diagnostic criteria before the molecular classification. Many clinical studies investigated astrocytoma, IDH-mutant in combination with IDH-wildtype gliomas or oligodendrogliomas. The aim of the present study was to discuss the optimal management of astrocytoma, IDH-mutant based on the growing number of recent clinical studies incorporating molecular analyses. Particularly, the significance of the extent of surgical removal has increased after the definition of this tumor type in comparison with other types of gliomas.