Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of flavonoids from peanut leave and stem using deep eutectic solvents and its molecular mechanism

Yan Cheng; Huanzhu Zhao; Li Cui; Hidayat Hussain; Liliya Nadolnik; Zhihao Zhang; Yan Zhao; Xiuheng Qin; Jinfan Li; Jeong Hill Park; Daijie Wang

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137497

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of flavonoids from peanut leave and stem using deep eutectic solvents and its molecular mechanism

Food Chem. 2024 Feb 15:434:137497. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137497. Epub 2023 Sep 16.

Authors

Yan Cheng¹, Huanzhu Zhao², Li Cui², Hidayat Hussain³, Liliya Nadolnik⁴, Zhihao Zhang², Yan Zhao², Xiuheng Qin², Jinfan Li², Jeong Hill Park⁵, Daijie Wang⁶

Affiliations

¹ Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze Branch of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Heze 274000, China.
² Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
³ Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
⁴ Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Compounds, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 230023 Grodno, Belarus.
⁵ College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
⁶ School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze Branch of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Heze 274000, China. Electronic address: wangdaijie@qlu.edu.cn.

PMID: 37742551
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137497

Abstract

Natural bioactive compounds extracted from agricultural by-products have received considerable attentions. Twenty-two kinds of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with ultrasonic were screened to extract flavonoids from peanut leave and stem. ChCl-acetic acid (ChCl-Aa) with 1:2 M ratio resulted in more effective extraction of flavonoids compared to other solvents The best extraction conditions were found to be at a 27% water content in DES/H₂O, for 43 min with 31:1 g/mL liquid/solid ratio, giving 2.980 mg/g _dw of flavonoids through the response surface method. SEM showed that ChCl-Aa had a certain dissociation impact on the sample matrix, while ¹H NMR analysis revealed the formation of hydrogen bonds between daidzein and ChCl-Aa. Changes in the H-bond length and number were observed by the B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) level of theory to confirm the experimental spectra. This study reveals that DESs are efficient for obtaining value-added products and could applied to other natural products.

Keywords: DFT; Deep eutectic solvent; Extraction mechanism; Flavonoid; Hydrogen bond.