Biomarkers and biosensors for early cancer diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis

Mugip Rahaman Abdul Wahab; Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi; Maddaly Ravi; Sandhiya Viswanathan; Gomathy Baskar; Hemapreethi Surendran; S G D Gangadharan; Barani Kumar Rajendran

doi:10.1016/j.prp.2023.154812

Biomarkers and biosensors for early cancer diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis

Pathol Res Pract. 2023 Oct:250:154812. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154812. Epub 2023 Sep 9.

Authors

Mugip Rahaman Abdul Wahab¹, Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi², Maddaly Ravi³, Sandhiya Viswanathan¹, Gomathy Baskar¹, Hemapreethi Surendran¹, S G D Gangadharan⁴, Barani Kumar Rajendran⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095.
² Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095; Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: thirunavukkarasu.ibt@drmgrdu.ac.in.
³ Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India.
⁴ Department of Medical Oncology, Madras Medical College, R. G. G. G. H., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
⁵ Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.

PMID: 37741139
DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154812

Abstract

Cancers continue to be of major concern due to their serious global socioeconomic impact, apart from the continued increase in the incidence of various cancer types. A major challenge that this disease poses is due to the low "early detection" rates which limit the therapeutic outcomes for the affected individuals. Current research has highlighted the discovering biomarkers that help in early cancer detection and the development of technologies for the detection and quantification of such biomarkers. Biomarkers range from proteins to nucleic acids, and can be specific to a particular cancer type. Detection and quantification of such biomarkers at low levels from biological samples is being made possible by the advent of developing biosensors and by using biomedical engineering technologies such as tumor-on-a-chip models. Here, we present biomarkers that can be helpful for the early detection of breast, colorectal, esophageal, lung, liver, ovarian, and prostate cancer. In addition, we discuss the potential of circulating tumor cell DNA (ctDNA) as an early diagnostic marker. Finally, biosensors available for the detection of cancer biomarkers, which is a recent advancement in this area of research, are discussed.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Biosensors; Cancers; Circulating tumour DNA; Early diagnosis.

Publication types

Review