Burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to trans fatty acids, 1990-2019

Magda do Carmo Parajára; Ísis Eloah Machado; Eliseu Verly-Junior; Mariana Carvalho de Menezes; Eduardo Augusto Fernandes Nilson; Adriana Lúcia Meireles

doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.044

Burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to trans fatty acids, 1990-2019

Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2023 Oct:57:272-280. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.044. Epub 2023 Jul 8.

Authors

Magda do Carmo Parajára¹, Ísis Eloah Machado², Eliseu Verly-Junior³, Mariana Carvalho de Menezes⁴, Eduardo Augusto Fernandes Nilson⁵, Adriana Lúcia Meireles⁶

Affiliations

¹ Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
² Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Family Medicine, Mental and Collective Health, Medical School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
³ Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
⁴ Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
⁵ Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
⁶ Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: adriana.meireles@ufop.edu.br.

PMID: 37739668
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.044

Abstract

Background & aim: The impact of cardiovascular disease attributable to trans fatty acids (TFAs) in the Brazilian population has not been systematically evaluated. This study aims to analyze the burden of ischemic heart disease (IHD) attributable to TFAs in Brazil between 1990 and 2019.

Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 were used to investigate the attributable burden in Brazil and its 27 federative units, for both sexes-pooled adults aged ≥25 years. Mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from IHD attributable to TFAs were expressed as crude and age-standardized rates and differences from 1990 to 2019 by percentage and annualized rate of change. Linear regression was used to investigate trends. National voluntary and regulatory policies for industrial TFAs (iTFAs) implemented until 2019, summary exposure value (SEV) and sociodemographic index (SDI) were examined.

Results: Between 1990 and 2019, crude and age-standardized mortality rates from IHD attributable to TFAs decreased by -15.9% and -58.0%, respectively, in Brazil. A decrease in crude (-23.3%) and age-standardized (-56.4%) DALY rates of IHD attributable to TFAs was also noticed in the country. States of the South, Southeast, and the Federal District had the largest declines of IHD attributable to TFAs, while states of the Northeast and North had the smallest or even an increase. The policies already adopted had little effect on the IHD burden. A lower SEV and higher SDI value seemed to reduce the burden of IHD.

Conclusions: Although a downward trend in IHD attributable to TFAs and a reduction in exposure to TFAs were observed, this burden is still relevant in Brazil, reinforcing the importance of diet policies, such as banning iTFAs.

Keywords: Burden of disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Diet; Public health; Risk factor.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adult
Brazil / epidemiology
Cardiovascular Diseases*
Female
Humans
Linear Models
Male
Myocardial Ischemia* / epidemiology
Trans Fatty Acids* / adverse effects

Substances

Trans Fatty Acids