Using causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to select patient-important outcomes in transplantation trials-interventions to treat polyomavirus infection as an example

Affiliations

• ¹ Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia. Electronic address: yue.wu1@sydney.edu.au.
• ² Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
• ³ Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
• ⁴ Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Child Health Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
• ⁵ Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
• ⁶ Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia; Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.