Ethnopharmacological analysis based on Thai traditional medicine theory and anti-inflammatory activity of Sa-Tri-Lhung-Klod remedy as a post-partum anti-inflammatory drug

Janjira Inprasit; Arunporn Itharat; Srisopa Ruangnoo; Krittiya Thisayakorn; Kanmanee Sukkasem; Nuntika Prommee; Wicheian Khoenok; Kanjana Sriyam; Darunee Pahusee; Neal M Davies

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2023.117207

Ethnopharmacological analysis based on Thai traditional medicine theory and anti-inflammatory activity of Sa-Tri-Lhung-Klod remedy as a post-partum anti-inflammatory drug

J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Jan 30;319(Pt 2):117207. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117207. Epub 2023 Sep 20.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Graduate School, Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klongluang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand. Electronic address: noonuiinprasit@gmail.com.
² Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klongluang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research (CEATMR), Thammasat University, Klongluang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand. Electronic address: iarunporn@yahoo.com.
³ Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klongluang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand. Electronic address: srisopa888@gmail.com.
⁴ Expert Center of Innovative Herbal Products (InnoHerb), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Technopolis, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand. Electronic address: krittiya@tistr.or.th.
⁵ Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klongluang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand. Electronic address: kanmaneesukkasem@gmail.com.
⁶ Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klongluang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand. Electronic address: bellnuntika@gmail.com.
⁷ Expert Center of Innovative Herbal Products (InnoHerb), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Technopolis, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand. Electronic address: wicheiankn@gmail.com.
⁸ Expert Center of Innovative Herbal Products (InnoHerb), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Technopolis, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand. Electronic address: kanjana_s@tistr.or.th.
⁹ Expert Center of Innovative Herbal Products (InnoHerb), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Technopolis, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand. Electronic address: sodarunee1988@gmail.com.
¹⁰ Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katz Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2E1, Canada. Electronic address: ndavies@ualberta.ca.

PMID: 37739101
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117207

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Sa-Tri-Lhung-Klod (ST) remedy is a Thai traditional remedy used in obstetrics and gynecology to reduce inflammation and nourish the body post-partum. In Thai traditional medicine (TTM), there is a theory of formulating drugs based on the four elements and the tastes of herbs for use in treating diseases.

Aims of study: To determine relationships between taste theory and pharmacological properties for the anti-inflammatory effect of ST remedy and its chemical constituent components. To evaluate anti-inflammatory activity and also investigate the HPLC fingerprint of ST extracts.

Materials and methods: ST remedy was extracted by maceration in 95% ethanol (STE) and decoction in distilled water (STW). ST extracts were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity by nitric oxide inhibitory assay in RAW264.7 cells, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, and prostaglandin E₂ inhibitory assay in inflamed rat paw tissue. In addition, the chemical constituent fingerprints of ST extracts were examined using HPLC.

Results: STE contained seven main chemical compounds, and STW demonstrated only one identifiable chemical compound. The STE and STW displayed potent NO inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 20.59 ± 0.03 and 52.93 ± 0.90 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the STE and STW (at doses of 100 - 400 mg/kg) promoted significant inhibition of inflammation in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats (20.81 - 38.25%). Additionally, the STE (200 - 400 mg/kg) and STW (100 - 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced PGE₂ levels in inflamed rat paw tissue.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that the spicy, astringent, sweet, and fragrant taste of the ST remedy used to treat post-partum inflammation encompass constituents with potent anti-inflammatory activity. STE and STW possess anti-inflammatory properties and effectively inhibit the production of NO and PGE₂. Results confirm the use of the ST remedy for treating inflammatory diseases in the post-partum period according to TTM knowledge.

Keywords: Anti-Inflammatory activity; HPLC fingerprints; Sa-Tri-Lhung-Klod remedy; Thai traditional medicine.

MeSH terms

Animals
Anti-Inflammatory Agents* / adverse effects
Carrageenan
Edema / chemically induced
Edema / drug therapy
Inflammation / drug therapy
Medicine, Traditional
Plant Extracts* / adverse effects
Rats

Substances

Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Carrageenan
Plant Extracts