Effect of varying functional monomers in experimental self-adhesive composites: polymerization kinetics, cell metabolism influence and sealing ability

Marta Nunes Ferreira; Marta Neves Dos Santos; Inês Fernandes; Carlos Miguel Marto; Mafalda Laranjo; Diana Silva; Ana Paula Serro; Eunice Carrilho; Maria Filomena Botelho; Ana Mano Azul; António Hs Delgado

doi:10.1088/1748-605X/acfc8d

Effect of varying functional monomers in experimental self-adhesive composites: polymerization kinetics, cell metabolism influence and sealing ability

Biomed Mater. 2023 Oct 12;18(6). doi: 10.1088/1748-605X/acfc8d.

Authors

Marta Nunes Ferreira¹, Marta Neves Dos Santos¹, Inês Fernandes², Carlos Miguel Marto^{3

4

2

5

6}, Mafalda Laranjo^{4

2

5

6}, Diana Silva^{1

7}, Ana Paula Serro^{1

7}, Eunice Carrilho^{2

5

6

8}, Maria Filomena Botelho^{4

2

5

6}, Ana Mano Azul¹, António Hs Delgado^{1

9}

Affiliations

¹ Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM); Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal.
² Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.
³ Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.
⁴ Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.
⁵ Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
⁶ Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.
⁷ Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
⁸ Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal.
⁹ Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, NW3 2PF London, United Kingdom.

PMID: 37738988
DOI: 10.1088/1748-605X/acfc8d

Abstract

The aim was to evaluate the effects of adding different functional monomers to experimental self-adhesive composites (SACs) on polymerization kinetics, cell metabolic activity, and sealing ability. SACs were formulated using urethane dimethacrylate as the base monomer and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate. Additionally, 10 wt.% of distinct functional monomers were added - 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate, glycerol phosphate dimethacrylate (GPDM), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) or hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA). ATR-FTIR was used to determine real-time polymerization kinetics (20 min,n= 3). The final extrapolated conversion and polymerization rates were determined (D_C_,max;R_p_,max). TheD_C_,maxvalues were employed to calculate volumetric shrinkage. The MTT assay was performed on MDPC-23 cells using disc extracts at different concentrations (n= 8). Class V cavities were prepared in 60 sound human molars, assigned to six groups (n= 10), depending on the composite used and aging type (T0 or TC, if thermocycled for 10 000 cycles). One-way ANOVA, two-way, andKruskal-Wallistests were employed to treat the data (ɑ= 0.05). Varying the functional monomers had a large impact on D_C,max, as confirmed by one-way ANOVA (p<0.001). The highest was obtained for HEMA (64 ± 3%). The HEMA and HEAA formulations were found to be significantly more toxic at concentrations below 100%. For microleakage, having a functional monomer or not did not show any improvement, irrespective of margin or aging period (Mann-Whitney U,p> 0.05). Larger functional monomers MDP and GPDM affected polymerization properties. Conversely, their acidity did not seem to be detrimental to cell metabolic activity. Regarding sealing ability, it seems that the functional monomers did not bring an advantage to the composites. Varying the functional monomer in SACs had a clear impact on the polymerization kinetics as well as on their cytotoxic potential. However, it did not confer better microleakage and sealing. Claiming self-adhesiveness based only on functional monomers seems dubious.

Keywords: composites; kinetics; monomers; polymerization; self-adhesive.

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