Autotetraploid rice is a type of germplasm developed from the whole genome duplication of diploid rice, leading to large grains, high nutrient content, and resistance. However, its low fertility has reduced yield and hampered commercialization. To address this issue, a new type of high fertility tetraploid rice was developed, which may serve as a useful germplasm for polyploid rice breeding. In this review, we summarize the progress made in understanding the cellular and molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the low fertility of autotetraploid rice and its F1 hybrid, as well as the main types of new tetraploid rice with high fertility. Lastly, the idea of utilizing the multi-generation heterosis of neo-tetraploid rice in the future is proposed as a reference for polyploid rice breeding.
同源四倍体水稻具有籽粒增大、营养成分增加和抗性增强等特点，但其育性普遍偏低，影响产量，无法直接应用。高育性四倍体水稻的成功创制解决了同源四倍体水稻育性偏低的瓶颈问题，然而该类型多倍体水稻能否在生产上推广应用需要进一步探讨。本文总结了同源四倍体水稻及其杂种F1育性偏低的细胞和分子遗传学机理研究的概况，重点介绍了高育性四倍体水稻的主要类型及最新的研究进展，最后提出未来利用新型四倍体水稻开展多代杂种优势等研究的设想，以期为水稻多倍体育种提供参考。.
Keywords: PMeS polyploid rice; autotetraploid rice; heterosis utilization; neo-tetraploid rice; rice.