Microbiome-targeted interventions for the control of oral-gut dysbiosis and chronic systemic inflammation

Juan Pacheco-Yanes; Eric Reynolds; Jian Li; Eliana Mariño

doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2023.08.006

Microbiome-targeted interventions for the control of oral-gut dysbiosis and chronic systemic inflammation

Trends Mol Med. 2023 Nov;29(11):912-925. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.08.006. Epub 2023 Sep 18.

Authors

Juan Pacheco-Yanes¹, Eric Reynolds², Jian Li³, Eliana Mariño⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
² Oral Health Collaborative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
³ Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
⁴ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; ImmunoBiota Therapeutics Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: eliana.marino@monash.edu.

PMID: 37730461
DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.08.006

Abstract

Recent research has confirmed the strong connection between imbalances in the oral and gut microbiome (oral-gut dysbiosis), periodontitis, and inflammatory conditions such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and cardiovascular diseases. Microbiome modulation is crucial for preventing and treating several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis. However, the causal relationships between the microbiome and its derived metabolites that mediate periodontitis and chronic inflammation constitute a notable knowledge gap. Here we review the mechanisms involved in the microbiome-host crosstalk, and describe novel precision medicine for the control of systemic inflammation. As microbiome-targeted therapies begin to enter clinical trials, the success of these approaches relies upon understanding these reciprocal microbiome-host interactions, and it may provide new therapeutic avenues to reduce the risk of periodontitis-associated diseases.

Keywords: dysbiosis; inflammation; microbiome–host interactions; oral–gut axis; periodontitis; short-chain fatty acids.

Publication types

Review