Fate and transformation of uniformly 14C-ring-labeled bisphenol S in different aerobic soils

Shengwei Xu; Longxiu Guo; Wenya Ding; Yandao Chen; Yan Chen; Zhiyang Yu; Lei Xu; Qing Jing; Kai Chen; Juying Li; Haiyan Wang

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167166

Fate and transformation of uniformly ¹⁴C-ring-labeled bisphenol S in different aerobic soils

Sci Total Environ. 2023 Dec 20:905:167166. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167166. Epub 2023 Sep 18.

Authors

Shengwei Xu¹, Longxiu Guo¹, Wenya Ding¹, Yandao Chen¹, Yan Chen¹, Zhiyang Yu¹, Lei Xu¹, Qing Jing², Kai Chen², Juying Li³, Haiyan Wang⁴

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
² Shenzhen Zhonghe Headway Bio-Sci & Tech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China.
³ Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. Electronic address: jyli@szu.edu.cn.
⁴ Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: wanghaiyan@zju.edu.cn.

PMID: 37730034
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167166

Abstract

Bisphenol S (BPS), being structurally similar to bisphenol A (BPA), has been widely used as an alternative to BPA in industrial applications. However, in-depth studies on the environmental behavior and fate of BPS in various soils have been rarely reported. Here, ¹⁴C-labeled BPS was used to investigate its mineralization, bound residues (BRs) formation and extractable residues (ERs) in three soils for 64 days. Significant differences were found in the dissipation rates of BPS in three soils with different pH values. The dissipation of BPS followed pseudo first-order kinetics with half-lives (T_1/2) of 15.2 ± 0.1 d, 27.0 ± 0.2 d, 180.4 ± 5.3 d, and 280.5 ± 3.3 d in the alkaline soil (fluvo-aquic soil, FS), the neutral soil (cinnamon soil, CS), the acidic soil (red soil, RS), and sterilized cinnamon soil (CS-S), respectively. The mineralization and BRs formation contributed the most to the dissipation of BPS in soil. BPS was persistent in acidic soil, and may pose a significant threat to plants grown in acidic soils. Additionally, soil microorganisms played a key role in BPS degradation, and the organic matter content might be a major factor that promotes the adsorption and degradation of BPS in soils. Two transformed products, P-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid and methylated BPS were identified in soils. This study provides new insights into the fate of BPS in various soils, which will be useful for risk assessments of BPS in soil.

Keywords: Bisphenol S; Bound residue; Degradation; Mineralization; Transformation products.