Background: Cutaneous manifestations of hematological neoplasms can be divided into three broad categories - direct infiltration, paraneoplastic conditions, and those due to the treatment of hematological cancers.
Objectives: To study the frequency and patterns of mucocutaneous manifestations in patients with hematolymphoid neoplasms and those due to chemotherapy.
Materials and methods: This was an observational study done with 172 patients. Categorization of mucocutaneous manifestations was done into malignancy-associated and chemotherapeutic drugs-associated and data was analyzed.
Results: Out of a total of 172 patients, 15.6% (27/172) had malignancy-related mucocutaneous manifestations. Among these, 4.6% (8/172) had direct infiltration of malignant cells into the skin and 11% (19/172) had paraneoplastic manifestations. The most common chemotherapy-related mucocutaneous manifestations were nail changes - 47.1% (81/172), of which transverse melanonychia was the most common (20.9%). About 44.2% (76/172) had a cutaneous infection, the commonest of which was a fungal infection (15.1%). Chemotherapy-induced alopecia was noted in 46.5% (80/172) and found to be significantly associated with cytarabine, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, methotrexate, and vincristine. Cutaneous hyperpigmentation was found to be significantly associated with cytarabine, doxorubicin, and vincristine.
Conclusion: Mucocutaneous manifestations cause additional discomfort to a patient undergoing chemotherapy. Early recognition and timely and appropriate management facilitate symptom control and prevent treatment-related morbidity. A multidisciplinary approach involving hemato-oncologists and dermatologists can help achieve this target.
Keywords: Chemotherapy; hematolymphoid; mucocutaneous; neoplasms.
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