Targeting protein kinases for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Recent progress and future perspectives

Eur J Med Chem. 2023 Dec 5:261:115817. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115817. Epub 2023 Sep 13.

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory impairment, mental retardation, impaired motor balance, loss of self-care and even death. Among the complex and diverse pathological changes in AD, protein kinases are deeply involved in abnormal phosphorylation of Tau proteins to form intracellular neuronal fiber tangles, neuronal loss, extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits to form amyloid plaques, and synaptic disturbances. As a disease of the elderly, the growing geriatric population is directly driving the market demand for AD therapeutics, and protein kinases are potential targets for the future fight against AD. This perspective provides an in-depth look at the role of the major protein kinases (GSK-3β, CDK5, p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK3) in the pathogenesis of AD. At the same time, the development of different protein kinase inhibitors and the current state of clinical advancement are also outlined.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; CDK5; ERK1/2; GSK-3β; JNK3; Protein kinase inhibitor; p38 MAPK.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Alzheimer Disease* / metabolism
  • Amyloid beta-Peptides / metabolism
  • Brain / metabolism
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases* / metabolism
  • Phosphorylation
  • Protein Kinases / metabolism
  • tau Proteins / metabolism

Substances

  • Protein Kinases
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
  • tau Proteins
  • Amyloid beta-Peptides