Green revolution to genome revolution: driving better resilient crops against environmental instability

Rukoo Chawla; Atman Poonia; Kajal Samantara; Sourav Ranjan Mohapatra; S Balaji Naik; M N Ashwath; Ivica G Djalovic; P V Vara Prasad

doi:10.3389/fgene.2023.1204585

Green revolution to genome revolution: driving better resilient crops against environmental instability

Front Genet. 2023 Aug 31:14:1204585. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1204585. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Rukoo Chawla¹, Atman Poonia², Kajal Samantara³, Sourav Ranjan Mohapatra⁴, S Balaji Naik⁵, M N Ashwath⁶, Ivica G Djalovic⁷, P V Vara Prasad⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
² Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Bawal, Haryana, India.
³ Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
⁴ Department of Forest Biology and Tree Improvement, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
⁵ Institute of Integrative Biology and Systems, University of Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
⁶ Department of Forest Biology and Tree Improvement, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
⁷ Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Novi Sad, Serbia.
⁸ Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States.

Abstract

Crop improvement programmes began with traditional breeding practices since the inception of agriculture. Farmers and plant breeders continue to use these strategies for crop improvement due to their broad application in modifying crop genetic compositions. Nonetheless, conventional breeding has significant downsides in regard to effort and time. Crop productivity seems to be hitting a plateau as a consequence of environmental issues and the scarcity of agricultural land. Therefore, continuous pursuit of advancement in crop improvement is essential. Recent technical innovations have resulted in a revolutionary shift in the pattern of breeding methods, leaning further towards molecular approaches. Among the promising approaches, marker-assisted selection, QTL mapping, omics-assisted breeding, genome-wide association studies and genome editing have lately gained prominence. Several governments have progressively relaxed their restrictions relating to genome editing. The present review highlights the evolutionary and revolutionary approaches that have been utilized for crop improvement in a bid to produce climate-resilient crops observing the consequence of climate change. Additionally, it will contribute to the comprehension of plant breeding succession so far. Investing in advanced sequencing technologies and bioinformatics will deepen our understanding of genetic variations and their functional implications, contributing to breakthroughs in crop improvement and biodiversity conservation.

Keywords: QTL mapping; climate change; genome editing; genome revolution; green revolution; marker-assisted selection; omics-assisted breeding.

Publication types

Review