Soft implantable printed bioelectronic system for wireless continuous monitoring of restenosis

Bruno Rigo; Allison Bateman; Jimin Lee; Hyeonseok Kim; Yunki Lee; Lissette Romero; Young C Jang; Robert Herbert; Woon-Hong Yeo

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2023.115650

Soft implantable printed bioelectronic system for wireless continuous monitoring of restenosis

Biosens Bioelectron. 2023 Dec 1:241:115650. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115650. Epub 2023 Sep 12.

Authors

Bruno Rigo¹, Allison Bateman², Jimin Lee², Hyeonseok Kim², Yunki Lee³, Lissette Romero⁴, Young C Jang³, Robert Herbert⁵, Woon-Hong Yeo⁶

Affiliations

¹ IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
² IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
³ Department of Orthopaedics, Emory Musculoskeletal Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Institute for Materials, Neural Engineering Center, and Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
⁴ IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; School of Industrial Design, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
⁵ IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA. Electronic address: rherbert7@gatech.edu.
⁶ IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Institute for Materials, Neural Engineering Center, and Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA. Electronic address: whyeo@gatech.edu.

PMID: 37717424
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115650

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a prominent cause of coronary artery disease and broader cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death worldwide. Angioplasty and stenting is a common treatment, but in-stent restenosis, where the artery re-narrows, is a frequent complication. Restenosis is detected through invasive procedures and is not currently monitored frequently for patients. Here, we report an implantable vascular bioelectronic device using a newly developed miniaturized strain sensor via microneedle printing methods. A capillary-based printing system achieves high-resolution patterning of a soft, capacitive strain sensor. Ink and printing parameters are evaluated to create a fully printed sensor, while sensor design and sensing mechanism are studied to enhance sensitivity and minimize sensor size. The sensor is integrated with a wireless vascular stent, offering a biocompatible, battery-free, wireless monitoring system compatible with conventional catheterization procedures. The vascular sensing system is demonstrated in an artery model for monitoring restenosis progression. Collectively, the artery implantable bioelectronic system shows the potential for wireless, real-time monitoring of various cardiovascular diseases and stent-integrated sensing/treatments.

Keywords: Biosensors; Printed sensors; Soft sensors; Vascular electronics.