The paradoxical position of nurses regarding euthanasia and its legalisation: A descriptive quantitative study

Abstract

Aims and objectives: To learn about the attitudes of nurses working in the Andalusian Public Health System regarding euthanasia and its legalisation.

Background: Euthanasia often finds itself in the crosshairs of ethical and political debate on an international scale. Currently, the Spanish Organic Law 3/2021 of 24 March, 2021, recognises euthanasia as a fundamental right in Spain. It is of particular interest to know about the views, attitudes and stances that Andalusian nurses have of euthanasia as they are key players within the framework of euthanasia and administration of life-ending drugs. They play a central role in guiding patients through the euthanasia application process.

Design: Observational descriptive study.

Methods: A study of Andalusian Public Health System nurses was carried out using non-probability convenience sampling. 518 nurses with an average age of 44.75 years answered in a questionnaire that was distributed on an online platform. Socio-demographic and occupational variables were assessed, together with the Death Anxiety Scale and the Euthanasia Attitude Scale. A bivariate analysis and a multivariate linear regression model were performed. The STROBE checklist was used.

Results: The mean score obtained on the Euthanasia Attitude Scale was 75.95 (SD = 16.53). The mean score obtained on the Death Anxiety Scale was 7.56 (SD = 3.05). The variables age and work experience were negatively correlated with the total scores of the Euthanasia Attitude Scale and the categories 'Ethical considerations', 'Practical considerations' and 'Treasuring life'. On the other hand, there was a significant positive correlation between age and work experience and 'Spiritual beliefs' category.

Conclusions: The current situation shows a worrying paradox. There is a stark difference between positive professional attitudes towards euthanasia and the desire to participate in its application.

Relevance to clinical practice: It is vital that educational and healthcare institutions make the necessary efforts to ensure that nurses develop sound moral judgement, displaying the moral conscience and ethical commitment required of this established profession.

Patient or public contribution: No patient or public contribution.

Keywords: assisted suicide; death; ethics of care; euthanasia; nursing.