Surgical site infections in maxillofacial trauma surgery - Single-dose versus prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis

Jan Gaessler; Dominic Morocutti; Markus Merkl; Bernhard Remschmidt; Wolfgang Zemann; Michael Schwaiger

doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2023.09.005

Surgical site infections in maxillofacial trauma surgery - Single-dose versus prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis

J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2023 Oct;51(10):649-654. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2023.09.005. Epub 2023 Sep 9.

Authors

Jan Gaessler¹, Dominic Morocutti², Markus Merkl³, Bernhard Remschmidt⁴, Wolfgang Zemann⁵, Michael Schwaiger⁶

Affiliations

¹ Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8010, Graz, Austria. Electronic address: jan.gaessler@stud.medunigraz.at.
² Division of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Prosthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010, Graz, Austria. Electronic address: dominicmorocutti@gmail.com.
³ Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8010, Graz, Austria. Electronic address: markus.merkl@medunigraz.at.
⁴ Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8010, Graz, Austria. Electronic address: bernhard.remschmidt@medunigraz.at.
⁵ Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8010, Graz, Austria. Electronic address: wolfgang.zemann@medunigraz.at.
⁶ Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8010, Graz, Austria. Electronic address: michael.schwaiger@medunigraz.at.

PMID: 37709626
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2023.09.005

Abstract

Open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) for facial fractures has frequently been associated with the occurrence of surgical site infections (SSIs). Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is customarily recommended for ORIF. Thus, the comparison of two different antibiotic regimens (i.e., single-dose and prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis) concerning the rate and severity of SSIs in facial fracture patients undergoing ORIF was the main purpose of this study. This retrospective analysis included patients who underwent ORIF for facial fractures. They were distributed into two groups. The single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis group (SDAP) received single-dose perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, whereas the prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis group (PAP) were administered prophylactic antibiosis over a course of 5 days. 122 patients were included in the study. Nine patients in the SDAP group and 15 patients in the PAP group were affected by SSIs; no significant difference in the incidence of SSIs was found (p = 0.218). Moreover, the severity of SSIs did not significantly differ between the two groups (p = 0.982).

Keywords: Antibiotic prophylaxis; Maxillofacial injuries; Microbial drug resistance; Open fracture reduction; Surgical wound infection.

MeSH terms

Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
Antibiotic Prophylaxis*
Humans
Maxillofacial Injuries* / surgery
Retrospective Studies
Surgical Wound Infection / drug therapy
Surgical Wound Infection / epidemiology
Surgical Wound Infection / prevention & control

Substances

Anti-Bacterial Agents