Mining the ZINC database of natural products for specific, testosterone-like, OXER1 antagonists

Athanasios A Panagiotopoulos; Evangelia Konstantinou; Stergios A Pirintsos; Elias Castanas; Marilena Kampa

doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109309

Mining the ZINC database of natural products for specific, testosterone-like, OXER1 antagonists

Steroids. 2023 Nov:199:109309. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109309. Epub 2023 Sep 9.

Authors

Athanasios A Panagiotopoulos¹, Evangelia Konstantinou¹, Stergios A Pirintsos², Elias Castanas³, Marilena Kampa⁴

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece.
² Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Botanical Garden, University of Crete, Rethymnon, Greece.
³ Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece. Electronic address: castanas@uoc.gr.
⁴ Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece. Electronic address: kampam@uoc.gr.

PMID: 37696380
DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109309

Abstract

OXER1, the receptor for the oxidized arachidonic acid metabolite 5-oxo-ETE has been reported to play a significant role in inflammatory responses, being responsible for leucocyte chemotactic responses. Recently, we have identified OXER1 (GPR170) as a membrane receptor for androgens in prostate and breast cancer cells. Testosterone action via OXER1 induces specific Ca²⁺ release from intracellular organelles, modifies polymerized actin distribution induces apoptosis and decreases cancer cell migration. These actions are antagonized by 5-oxo-ETE. In addition, 5-oxo-ETE through a G_αi protein decreases cAMP, an action antagonized by testosterone. In this work, we mined the ZINC15 database, using QSAR, for natural compounds able to signal through G_αi and G_βγ simultaneously, mimicking testosterone actions, as well as for specific G_βγ interactors, inhibiting 5-oxo-ETE tumor promoting actions. We were able to identify four druggable G_αβγ and seven G_βγ specific OXER1 interactors. We further confirmed by bio-informatic methods their binding to the 5-oxo-ETE/testosterone binding groove of the receptor, their ADME properties and their possible interaction with other receptor and/or enzyme targets. Two compounds, ZINC04017374 (Naphthofluorescein) and ZINC08589130 (Puertogaline A) were purchased, tested in vitro and confirmed their OXER1 G_βγ and G_αβγ activity, respectively. The methodology followed is useful for a better understanding of the mechanism by which OXER1 mediates its actions, it has the potential to provide structural insights, in order to design small molecular specific interactors and ultimately design new anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents. Finally, the methodology may also be useful for identifying specific agonists/antagonists of other GPCRs.

Keywords: Docking simulations; G(αβγ) antagonists; GPCR; In vitro testing; Natural products; OXER1; QSAR analysis; ZINC04017374 (Naphthofluorescein); ZINC08589130 (Puertogaline A).