Mediation analysis of urinary metals and stroke risk by inflammatory markers

Abstract

Background: The association between metals and stroke has been reported, but the mediating role of inflammation between metals and stroke remains unclear.

Methods: We included 9326 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in this study. Through least absolute selection and shrinkage operator (LASSO) regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, logistic regression, linear regression, restricted cubic spline analysis, and mediation analysis, we explored the association between metals and stroke, as well as the association between metals and inflammatory indicators, and further evaluated the mediating effect of inflammatory indicators on the association between selected metals and stroke risk.

Results: The results of the present study suggested positive associations between mixed metals, cadmium and uranium and stroke risk. There is a positive correlation and dose‒response relationship between cadmium and C-reactive protein (CRP). Moreover, CRP mediates 10.1% of the association between cadmium and stroke.

Conclusions: At the epidemiological level, CRP mediates the association between cadmium and stroke risk, suggesting that inflammation may be a potential mechanism for metal-induced stroke.

Keywords: Cadmium; Inflammation; Mediation effect; Stroke.