Lithium Iron Phosphate and Layered Transition Metal Oxide Cathode for Power Batteries: Attenuation Mechanisms and Modification Strategies

Guanhua Zhang; Min Li; Zimu Ye; Tieren Chen; Jiawei Cao; Hongbo Yang; Chengbo Ma; Zhenggang Jia; Jiwei Xie; Ning Cui; Yueping Xiong

doi:10.3390/ma16175769

Lithium Iron Phosphate and Layered Transition Metal Oxide Cathode for Power Batteries: Attenuation Mechanisms and Modification Strategies

Materials (Basel). 2023 Aug 23;16(17):5769. doi: 10.3390/ma16175769.

Authors

Guanhua Zhang¹, Min Li², Zimu Ye³, Tieren Chen⁴, Jiawei Cao³, Hongbo Yang³, Chengbo Ma³, Zhenggang Jia⁵, Jiwei Xie⁵, Ning Cui⁶, Yueping Xiong⁷

Affiliations

¹ Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710100, China.
² School of Management, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710100, China.
³ School of Mechanics Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710100, China.
⁴ School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710102, China.
⁵ School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
⁶ School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710100, China.
⁷ School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.

Abstract

In the past decade, in the context of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality era, the rapid development of new energy vehicles has led to higher requirements for the performance of strike forces such as battery cycle life, energy density, and cost. Lithium-ion batteries have gradually become mainstream in electric vehicle power batteries due to their excellent energy density, rate performance, and cycle life. At present, the most widely used cathode materials for power batteries are lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and Li_xNi_yMn_zCo_1-y-zO₂ cathodes (NCM). However, these materials exhibit bottlenecks that limit the improvement and promotion of power battery performance. In this review, the performance characteristics, cycle life attenuation mechanism (including structural damage, gas generation, and active lithium loss, etc.), and improvement methods (including surface coating and element-doping modification) of LFP and NCM batteries are reviewed. Finally, the development prospects of this field are proposed.

Keywords: attenuation mechanism; cathode materials; cycle life; lithium iron phosphate (LFP); nickel–cobalt–manganese (NCM); power battery.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding.