Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with an in situ tunable magnetic field

Jianwei Huang; Ziqin Yue; Andrey Baydin; Hanyu Zhu; Hiroyuki Nojiri; Junichiro Kono; Yu He; Ming Yi

doi:10.1063/5.0157031

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with an in situ tunable magnetic field

Rev Sci Instrum. 2023 Sep 1;94(9):093902. doi: 10.1063/5.0157031.

Authors

Jianwei Huang¹, Ziqin Yue^{1

2}, Andrey Baydin^{3

4}, Hanyu Zhu^{1

5}, Hiroyuki Nojiri⁶, Junichiro Kono^{1

3

4

5}, Yu He⁷, Ming Yi¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
² Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
³ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
⁴ Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
⁵ Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
⁶ Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
⁷ Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.

PMID: 37682038
DOI: 10.1063/5.0157031

Abstract

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is a powerful tool for probing the momentum-resolved single-particle spectral function of materials. Historically, in situ magnetic fields have been carefully avoided as they are detrimental to the control of photoelectron trajectory during the photoelectron detection process. However, magnetic field is an important experimental knob for both probing and tuning symmetry-breaking phases and electronic topology in quantum materials. In this paper, we introduce an easily implementable method for realizing an in situ tunable magnetic field at the sample position in an ARPES experiment and analyze magnetic-field-induced artifacts in the ARPES data. Specifically, we identified and quantified three distinct extrinsic effects of a magnetic field: constant energy contour rotation, emission angle contraction, and momentum broadening. We examined these effects in three prototypical quantum materials, i.e., a topological insulator (Bi2Se3), an iron-based superconductor (LiFeAs), and a cuprate superconductor (Pb-Bi2Sr2CuO6+x), and demonstrate the feasibility of ARPES measurements in the presence of a controllable magnetic field. Our studies lay the foundation for the future development of the technique and interpretation of ARPES measurements of field-tunable quantum phases.