Assessment of natural radioactivity and associated radiological risks from soils of Hakim Gara quarry sites in Ethiopia

Tadele Negash Regassa; Gelana Amente Raba; Berhanu Mengistu Chekol; David Okoh Kpeglo

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19476

Assessment of natural radioactivity and associated radiological risks from soils of Hakim Gara quarry sites in Ethiopia

Heliyon. 2023 Aug 28;9(9):e19476. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19476. eCollection 2023 Sep.

Authors

Tadele Negash Regassa^{1

2

3}, Gelana Amente Raba², Berhanu Mengistu Chekol², David Okoh Kpeglo^{3

4}

Affiliations

¹ Ethiopian Technology Authority-ETA (the Former Ethiopian Radiation Protection Authority-ERPA), P.O.Box 20486, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
² Physics Department, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
³ School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana-Atomic Campus, P.O. Box AE1, Kwabenya, Ghana.
⁴ Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80 Legon, Ghana.

Abstract

One of the ways of minimizing radiation risks to workers and the public is assessing potential sites that are suspected of producing radiation. Among such locations, quarry sites stand out because areas of granite and other rocks, especially those of uranium family potentially have high concentrations of radiation. This study was aimed to assess one such quarry sites (Hakim Gara site), located near Harar town, Harari region-Ethiopia. To assess the radiological impact of natural radioactivity of quarry activities in the study area, activity concentrations of natural radionuclides ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, ²²⁶Ra and ⁴⁰K in the soil samples were investigated by collecting twenty composite soil samples from different sites of the area. Measurements were carried out using high purity germanium (HPGe) Gamma Spectrometry detecting system for acquisition of data and making analysis using Genie 2000 software. From the result, mean Activity concentration of ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K obtained were 51.9 ± 15 Bq/kg, 68.32 ± 9.75 Bq/kg and 220.0 ± 2.0 Bq/kg, respectively. Average Activity concentration of the ²²⁶Ra was 32.71 ± 2.02 Bq/kg. These values were used to calculate and estimate the radiological risks due to environmental radiation exposure contributed from the quarrying activities. The average external and internal hazard indices were 0.45 ± 0.09 mSv/y and 0.49 ± 0.23 mSv/y both of which were below the permissible limit of unity. The results obtained for ²³⁸U and ²³²Th were higher and significant from the world average which need further regulatory monitoring. The level of ⁴⁰K was below the world average. Hence, this research provided a foundation for future studies on subsequent investigations and to aid realistic regulatory and policy decisions.

Keywords: 232Th; 238U; 40K; Gamma spectrometry; Hazard indices; Radioactivity concentration.