Objective: To investigate the macronutrient and food intake of diabetics aged 45 years and above in China.
Methods: The research data was based on the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance in 2015. The dietary nutrition status of diabetics living in community was investigated by questionnaire, condiments weighing and 3 days-24 hours dietary questionnaire. Assessment was compared with the recommended amount of macronutrient energy supply ratio in The guideline for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China(2020 edition). The macronutrient energy supply ratio of patients with different types of diabetes was evaluated and their food intake was statistically analyzed.
Results: The median of daily intake of total energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate were 1585 kcal, 50.1 g, 62.4 g and 200.1 g, respectively. The energy ratios of protein, fat and carbohydrate were 12.6%, 36.3% and 52.1%, respectively. In diabetics, the proportion of protein, fat and carbohydrate energy ratios that meet the recommendations in The guideline for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China(2020 edition) were 20.5%, 21.7% and 40.4%, respectively.
Conclusion: There is an unreasonable macronutrient energy ratio in the diet of diabetic over 45 years old in China, which mainly shows that the proportion of protein energy supply ratio in most diabetics is low, and the proportion of fat energy ratio exceeds the standard is high.
Keywords: chronic disease managed; diabetic; macronutrient intake; the status of dietary and nutrients.