A new spatial estimation model and source apportionment of aliphatic hydrocarbons in coastal surface sediments of the Nayband Bay, Persian Gulf

Sadegh Partani; Ali Danandeh Mehr; Mohsen Maghrebi; Rouzbeh Mokhtari; Hans-Peter Nachtnebel; Ricardo Hideo Taniwaki; Amin Arzhangi

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166746

A new spatial estimation model and source apportionment of aliphatic hydrocarbons in coastal surface sediments of the Nayband Bay, Persian Gulf

Sci Total Environ. 2023 Dec 15:904:166746. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166746. Epub 2023 Sep 9.

Authors

Sadegh Partani¹, Ali Danandeh Mehr², Mohsen Maghrebi³, Rouzbeh Mokhtari⁴, Hans-Peter Nachtnebel⁵, Ricardo Hideo Taniwaki⁶, Amin Arzhangi⁷

Affiliations

¹ Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran. Electronic address: s_partani@ub.ac.ir.
² Civil Engineering Department, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya 07190, Turkey; MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan.
³ School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417853111, Iran.
⁴ Kargosha Urban Human Ecology Research Group, Tehran, Iran.
⁵ Institute of Water Management, Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, University of BOKU, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
⁶ Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences Center, Federal University of ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
⁷ Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran.

PMID: 37678535
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166746

Abstract

Hydrocarbons, originating from oil and gas industries, are considered a potential risk for Nayband Bay, a natural marine park with extended mangroves, located on the north coastlines of the Persian Gulf, Iran. This paper determines the potential sources and spatial distribution of hydrocarbons, especially aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHCs), in Nayband Bay through the simultaneous application of three indices in the coastline surface sediments. To this end, a field study was conducted in the inter-tidal coastal zones and wetlands. Sediment samples were taken from surface layers along four transects with four sampling points at different distances from the gulf. The hydrocarbon compounds of the samples including AHCs, total petroleum hydrocarbons, and heavy metals (Ni, V as crude oil indicators) were analyzed and classified to discover the pollution indicators. Pearson pairwise correlation and cluster analyses along with pollution indices were employed to describe the spatial distribution pattern of hydrocarbons, identify hot spots, and determine the potential origin of AHCs. Different interpolation scenarios based on topographic and oceanic features were proposed to detect the spatial dynamics of AHCs. The results revealed that hydrocarbons mainly originated from anthropogenic sources including oil and gas industries located far from the affected area. It was also concluded that the long-distance pollution transfer was based on oceanic currents and wind direction in the bay. The proposed scenarios showed that the mean concentration values of total organic carbon and total organic material vary in the range 0.19 ppm to 0.4 ppm and 2.88 ppm to 3.20 ppm, respectively.

Keywords: Coastal sediment; Hydrocarbons; Mangrove; Persian Gulf; Petrogenic source.