Risk factors and immunological biomarkers in denture stomatitis: An observational cross-sectional study

Lorena Mosconi Clemente; Adriana Barbosa Ribeiro; Caroline Vieira Fortes; Aline Barbosa Ribeiro; Viviane de Cássia Oliveira; Ana Paula Macedo; Hélio César Salgado; Cláudia Helena Lovato da Silva

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105799

Risk factors and immunological biomarkers in denture stomatitis: An observational cross-sectional study

Arch Oral Biol. 2023 Nov:155:105799. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105799. Epub 2023 Sep 1.

Authors

Lorena Mosconi Clemente¹, Adriana Barbosa Ribeiro², Caroline Vieira Fortes¹, Aline Barbosa Ribeiro³, Viviane de Cássia Oliveira², Ana Paula Macedo², Hélio César Salgado⁴, Cláudia Helena Lovato da Silva⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
² Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
³ Barão de Mauá University Centre, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
⁴ Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
⁵ Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Electronic address: chl@forp.usp.br.

PMID: 37672969
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105799

Abstract

Objective: Assess risk factors, local and systemic immunological biomarkers in healthy individuals and with Denture Stomatitis (DS).

Design: For this observational transversal study, 27 participants without DS (Group 0), 24 with moderate DS (Group 1), and 25 with severe DS (Group 2) were assessed for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical parameters, microbial load of Candida spp., Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas spp., and enterobacteria, and cytokine and C-reactive protein levels. ANOVA, Fisher's exact, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon and Pearson's chi-square tests were used for data analysis (α = 0.05).

Results: Group 1 had a significantly higher mean age compared to the other groups (P = 0.018), but no correlation was identified between age and DS (P = 0.830; r = 0.025). No significant differences were found among the groups for other sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Group 1 had significantly older upper and lower dentures; however, no correlation was identified between age of upper (P = 0.522; r = 0.075) and lower (P = 0.143; r = 0.195) dentures and DS. The microbial load of Candida albicans on the dentures (P = 0.035) and Candida spp. on the palate (P = 0.008) of the groups 1 and 2 was higher than group 0. Group 1 and 2 had higher Candida spp. counts on denture (P = 0.003) than group 0. There was no difference among groups for bacterial analyzed. Group 1 showed higher and Group 2 intermediate salivary levels of IL-6 compared to Group 0. There was no difference in the C-reactive protein levels among groups.

Conclusions: Microbial load of Candida spp. is the factor with the strongest relationship with DS, with capacity for local signaling through IL-6.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Denture; Microbial load; Risk factors; Stomatitis.