Administration of probiotics affects Artemia franciscana metanauplii intestinal ultrastructure and offers resistance against a Photobacterium damselae ssp . piscicida induced oxidative stress response

Maria Touraki; Anna Chanou; Vasiliki Mavridou; Vasiliki Tsertseli; Maria Tsiridi; Emmanuel Panteris

doi:10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100113

Administration of probiotics affects Artemia franciscana metanauplii intestinal ultrastructure and offers resistance against a Photobacterium damselae ssp . piscicida induced oxidative stress response

Fish Shellfish Immunol Rep. 2023 Aug 22:5:100113. doi: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100113. eCollection 2023 Dec 15.

Authors

Maria Touraki¹, Anna Chanou¹, Vasiliki Mavridou¹, Vasiliki Tsertseli¹, Maria Tsiridi¹, Emmanuel Panteris²

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki 54 124, Greece.
² Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.

Abstract

The effects of Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida (Phdp) on immune responses and intestinal ultrastructure of Artemia franciscana following infection and their amelioration by the probiotic bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis were evaluated. Pathogen growth inhibition in coculture with each probiotic and its virulence against Artemia were confirmed with an LC₅₀ of 10⁵ CFU mL^-1. Phdp administration to Artemia at sublethal levels resulted in depletion of superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione transferase and phenoloxidase activities, extensive lipid peroxidation and reduced survival. Following a combined administration of each probiotic and the pathogen, enzyme activities and survival were significantly higher, while lipid peroxidation was reduced, compared to the infected group with no probiotic treatment (P < 0.05). The transmission electron microscopy study revealed that pathogen infection resulted in disarranged and fragmented microvilli, formation of empty or pathogen containing cytoplasmic vacuoles and damaged mitochondria. In the probiotic-treated and Phdp-infected series, intestinal cells showed normal appearance, except for the presence of pathogen-containing vacuoles and highly ordered but laterally stacked microvilli. The results of the present study indicate that Phdp induces cell death through an oxidative stress response and probiotics enhance Artemia immune responses to protect it against the Phdp induced damage.

Keywords: Arbitrary connection and boundary conditions; Free vibration; Hammer modal test; Jacobian differential quadrature method; Spatially closed-coupled plates with curved edges; Virtual spring stiffness functions.