Radiomics and deep learning models to differentiate lung adenosquamous carcinoma: A multicenter trial

Xianjing Chu; Lishui Niu; Xianghui Yang; Shiqi He; Aixin Li; Liu Chen; Zhan Liang; Di Jing; Rongrong Zhou

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.107634

Radiomics and deep learning models to differentiate lung adenosquamous carcinoma: A multicenter trial

iScience. 2023 Aug 16;26(9):107634. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107634. eCollection 2023 Sep 15.

Authors

Xianjing Chu¹, Lishui Niu¹, Xianghui Yang², Shiqi He³, Aixin Li⁴, Liu Chen¹, Zhan Liang¹, Di Jing¹, Rongrong Zhou^{1

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Affiliations

¹ Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
² Department of Oncology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha 410004, China.
³ Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
⁴ Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South, Hengyang 421001, China.
⁵ Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
⁶ National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.

Abstract

Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is frequently misdiagnosed or overlooked in clinical practice due to its dual histological components and potential transformation from either adenocarcinoma (ADC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Our study aimed to differentiate ASC from ADC and SCC by incorporating features of enhanced CTs and clinical characteristics to build radiomics and deep learning models. The classification models were trained in Xiangya Hospital and validated in two other independent hospitals. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were used to estimate the performance. The optimal three-class classification model achieved a maximum AUC of 0.89 and accuracy of 0.81 in external validation sets, AUC of 0.99 and accuracy of 0.99 in the internal test set. These findings highlight the efficacy of our models in differentiating ASC, providing a non-invasive, timely, and accurate diagnostic approach before and during the treatment.

Keywords: Cancer; Computational bioinformatics; Health informatics; Health sciences; Oncology.