Objective: Determine the difference in microbial growth from the vagina and uterine manipulator among patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy after randomization to one of three vaginal preparation solutions (10% Povidone-iodine, 2% Chlorhexidine, or 4% Chlorhexidine).
Method: This was a prospective randomized controlled trial in an academic community hospital. Patients were ≥ 18 years old and scheduled for laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign and malignant indications.
Results: Fifty patients were identified and randomized into each arm. Prior to surgery, the surgical team prepared the vaginal field using 10% Povidone-iodine, 2% Chlorhexidine, or 4% Chlorhexidine, according to group assignment. Cultures were collected from the vagina after initial preparation, prior to the colpotomy, and on surfaces of the uterine manipulator. Bacterial count from the baseline vaginal fornix/cervical canal cultures did not differ significantly among the three groups. There was a difference in bacterial count among the second cervical canal/vaginal fornix cultures (p < 0.01), with the Povidone-iodine arm demonstrating the highest level of growth of cultures (93.8%), followed by 2% Chlorhexidine (47.4%), and 4% Chlorhexidine (20%). There was no difference in growth on the uterine manipulator handle and no difference in vaginal itching or burning was found across the three arms postoperatively.
Conclusion: Bacterial growth prior to colpotomy was the lowest with 4% Chlorhexidine followed by 2% Chlorhexidine, the Povidone-iodine group exhibited the highest bacterial growth. There was no difference in moderate to severe vaginal itching or burning. This showed that 4% Chlorhexidine is superior in reducing bacterial growth when used in laparoscopic hysterectomy.
Keywords: Bacterial growth; Chlorhexidine; Hysterectomy; Laparoscopy; Povidone-iodine.
© 2023 by SLS, Society of Laparoscopic & Robotic Surgeons.