Exposure and Subspecialty Training in Transcatheter Structural Heart Procedures for Cardiac Surgeons: An Evolving Necessity and Training Requirement

Affiliations

• ¹ Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ² Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ³ Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁴ Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: bobby.yanagawa@unityhealth.to.