Microwave-assisted extraction based on emulsion breaking with natural deep eutectic solvent for vegetable oil sample preparation prior to elemental determination by ICP OES

Floriatan Santos Costa; Luana Santos Moreira; Letícia Lima Ludovico; Jaqueline Volpe; Ana Claudia de Oliveira; Mayara Padovan Dos Santos; Erik Galvão Paranhos da Silva; Dênio Emanuel Pires Souto; Marco Tadeu Grassi; Mario Henrique Gonzalez; Clarice D B Amaral

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125108

Microwave-assisted extraction based on emulsion breaking with natural deep eutectic solvent for vegetable oil sample preparation prior to elemental determination by ICP OES

Talanta. 2024 Jan 1;266(Pt 2):125108. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125108. Epub 2023 Aug 24.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil.
² Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil.
³ Department of Exact Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil.
⁴ Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil.
⁵ Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil. Electronic address: clariceamaral@ufpr.br.

PMID: 37651914
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125108

Abstract

This study presents a novel and efficient method for the extraction of Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, and Zn in vegetable oil samples using a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) as an extractor combined with microwave radiation (MW) in an emulsion system. The NADES prepared with choline chloride:oxalic acid:water (1:1:4 molar ratio) provided a high extraction rate using 5.0 mL of the sample, 1.7 mL of NADES, and 1.3 mL of Triton X-100. The optimum conditions were obtained with 36 s of vortexing, 5 min of extraction, and 10 s for emulsion-breaking in MW. Under these conditions, recoveries ranged from 91% to 110% and relative standard deviations <9.0% were obtained. The limit of quantification (mg kg^-1) was: 0.018 (Al), 0.032 (Ca), 0.007 (Cr), 0.006 (Cu), 0.013 (K), 0.027 (Mg), 0.002 (Mn), and 0.019 (Zn). The proposed method showed comparable results to reference methods and advantages, such as speed, low cost, and simplicity. The combination of NADES and MW represents a sustainable and innovative approach to the elemental determination composition of vegetable oils and contributes to advances in sample preparation methods.

Keywords: Eco-friendly solvent; Edible oil; Emulsion breaking; Experimental design; Food composition; Natural deep eutectic solvent.