Juvenile toxicity study of deer antler extract in rats

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Deer (Cervus elaphus Linnaeus) antler extract has been traditionally used in many Asian countries to prevent and treat various diseases. Deer antler extract is generally considered to be safe because humans have been exposed to it for a long time and it has been used as a tonic medicine originating from naturally occurring product. However, the comprehensive toxicological potential of deer antler extract during the juvenile period has not been investigated and its safety for juveniles remains unclear.

Aim of the study: The aim of the present study was to comprehensively investigate the potential toxicological effects of deer antler extract during the juvenile period.

Materials and methods: As part of a safety assessment of the juvenile period, two separate studies, a juvenile toxicity study and a uterotrophic bioassay, were conducted in accordance with Good Laboratory Practice regulations and test guidelines. In the juvenile toxicity study, deer antler extract was administered daily by oral gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats at doses of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg during the juvenile period to investigate potential toxicities on general systemic, developmental, and reproductive functions. For the uterotrophic bioassay, deer antler extract was administered daily by oral gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats at doses of 0, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg on postnatal days 19-21 to investigate the estrogen-mimicking effects.

Results: The results showed that deer antler extract was non-toxic and no observable adverse effects on general systemic function, developmental and reproductive function, and estrogen-mimetic effects were observed with dosing up to 2000 mg/kg during the juvenile period.

Conclusion: The safety of deer antler extracts was demonstrated in these studies and the results of this study can be used to evaluate human risk or determine the maximum recommended starting dose of deer antler extract for further clinical trials.

Keywords: Bioassay; Cervus elaphus; Deer antler extract; Estrogen; Sprague-Dawley rats.