Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. With the development of the whole-life-cycle health concept, the focus of treatment for bronchial asthma in children has gradually shifted from pharmacological control to an integrated management model of functional rehabilitation and pharmacological assistance. As a non-pharmacological integrated approach, pulmonary rehabilitation plays an equally important role in the management of childhood asthma as pharmacological treatments. Breathing techniques such as Buteyko breathing, pursed lip breathing, diaphragmatic breathing training, threshold-pressure inspiratory muscle training and yoga breathing can improve lung function indicators such as forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) in children. Comprehensive pre-exercise assessment, development of exercise prescriptions, and implementation and evaluation of exercise effects can improve physical fitness, neuromuscular coordination, and self-confidence of children with asthma. The comprehensive interventions of health education, psychological support and nutritional intervention can improve the compliance and effectiveness of rehabilitation training. This article reviews the research progress on respiratory training, physical exercise, and comprehensive interventions in the pulmonary rehabilitation of asthmatic children, to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the scientific and rational management of pulmonary rehabilitation of asthmatic children in clinical settings.
支气管哮喘是以慢性气道炎症、气道高反应性为特征的异质性疾病。随着生命全周期健康理念发展，儿童支气管哮喘的治疗重心由最初的药物控制逐渐转变为功能康复与药物辅助的综合管理模式。作为一种非药物干预的综合的疾病管理方法，肺康复在儿童哮喘的控制中与药物治疗起着同样重要的作用。研究表明，通过Buteyko呼吸训练、缩唇呼吸训练、膈肌呼吸训练、阈值压力负荷吸气肌训练及瑜伽呼吸训练等呼吸训练可改善患儿第一秒用力呼气量、用力肺活量、呼气流量峰值和最大通气量等肺功能指标；通过运动前评估、运动实施、运动效果评价可提高哮喘患儿身体素质、神经肌肉协调能力和自信心；通过健康教育、心理支持及营养干预等综合干预措施可提高患儿的康复训练依从性及有效性。本文综述了哮喘患儿肺康复中的呼吸训练、体育运动及其他综合性干预措施等研究进展，旨在为临床科学、合理开展哮喘患儿肺康复管理提供理论依据和实践指导。.
Keywords: Bronchial asthma,children; Heath education; Nutrition; Psychological support; Pulmonary rehabilitation; Respiration training; Review; Sport.