Autologous stem cell transplantation in adult patients with intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission and no detectable minimal residual disease. A comparative retrospective study with haploidentical transplants of the global committee and the ALWP of the EBMT

Bone Marrow Transplant. 2023 Dec;58(12):1322-1330. doi: 10.1038/s41409-023-02070-9. Epub 2023 Aug 28.

Abstract

In patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) of intermediate-risk (IR) in first remission (CR1) with no measurable residual disease (MRD negative), the choice of the best consolidation is questionable. 1122 adult patients from 196 centers, transplanted in 2010-21 were analyzed: 547 received an autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and 575 a Haploidentical donor transplant. Because of a significant interaction, comparisons were done separately for patients with wild-type FLT3 (FLT3-wt) and FLT3-ITD mutation (FLT3-ITD). In FLT3-wt patients, haploidentical transplants had two year lower relapse incidence (RI) (16.9% versus 32.6%; HR = 0.40, p < 0.001), higher NRM higher (17.2% vs 3.5%; HR = 7.02, p < 0.001), similar LFS (65.9% vs 63.8%; p = 0.37) and lower OS (73.2% vs 80.6%; HR = 1.69, p = 0.018). In FLT3-ITD patients, haploidentical transplants had two year lower RI (8.2% vs 47.8%; HR = 0.14, p < 0.001) higher NRM (20.2% vs 5.6%; HR = 3.43, p = 0.002), better LFS (71.5% vs 46.6%; HR = 0.53, p = 0.007) and similar OS (73.5% vs 61.9%; p = 0.44). In IR AML patients with FLT3-wt in MRD negative CR1, autologous stem cell transplantation is a valid option, while in patients with FLT3-ITD, haploidentical transplant is better. Whether autologous transplantation is superior to chemotherapy in FLT3-wt patients and the role of maintenance therapy with FLT3 inhibitors remain to be studied.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation*
  • Humans
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* / genetics
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* / therapy
  • Neoplasm, Residual
  • Recurrence
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Stem Cell Transplantation
  • Transplantation, Autologous
  • Transplantation, Haploidentical
  • fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 / genetics

Substances

  • fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3