A paper-based photoelectrochemical aptsensor using near-infrared light-responsive AgBiS2 nanoflowers as probes for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus in pork

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium that can easily cause outbreaks of food-borne diseases. In this work, a signal-enhanced three-dimensional paper-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptsensor for the rapid and sensitive determination of S. aureus was developed. Specifically, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were electrodeposited on a paper-based working electrode to provide binding sites for a sulfhydryl-functionalized aptamer. Subsequently, S. aureus was captured with high specificity by a carboxyl-functionalized aptamer modified with amino-functionalized AgBiS₂ nanoflowers (NH₂-AgBiS₂ NFs), which functionalized as PEC probes that generated strong photocurrent under irradiation with 980-nm light. By exploiting the "aptamer-target-aptamer" PEC sensing platform, the rapid and ultrasensitive detection of S. aureus was achieved. The sensor had a wide linear range of 20 to 2 × 10⁷ CFU/mL and low limit of detection of 4 CFU/mL. Further, the applicability of the as-prepared aptsensor was successfully certified for the analysis of pork samples artificially contaminated with S. aureus.

Keywords: Amino-functionalized AgBiS(2) nanoflowers; Aptsensor; Near-infrared light; Photoelectrochemical platform; Staphylococcus aureus.