A codesigned integrated kidney and diabetes model of care improves patient activation among patients from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds

Edward Zimbudzi; Clement Lo; Sanjeeva Ranasinha; Tim Usherwood; Kevan R Polkinghorne; Gregory Fulcher; Martin Gallagher; Stephen Jan; Alan Cass; Rowan Walker; Grant Russell; Greg Johnson; Peter G Kerr; Sophia Zoungas

doi:10.1111/hex.13859

A codesigned integrated kidney and diabetes model of care improves patient activation among patients from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds

Health Expect. 2023 Dec;26(6):2584-2593. doi: 10.1111/hex.13859. Epub 2023 Aug 27.

Authors

Edward Zimbudzi^{1

2

3}, Clement Lo^{1

4}, Sanjeeva Ranasinha¹, Tim Usherwood^{5

6}, Kevan R Polkinghorne^{1

3

7}, Gregory Fulcher^{8

9}, Martin Gallagher^{5

10}, Stephen Jan^{5

11}, Alan Cass^{5

12}, Rowan Walker¹³, Grant Russell¹⁴, Greg Johnson¹⁵, Peter G Kerr^{3

7}, Sophia Zoungas^{1

4

5}

Affiliations

¹ School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
² Monash Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
³ Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁴ Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁵ The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁶ Department of General Practice, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁷ School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁸ Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁹ Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
¹⁰ Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
¹¹ Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
¹² Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia.
¹³ Department of Renal Medicine, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
¹⁴ School of Primary Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
¹⁵ Diabetes Australia, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.

Abstract

Background: Little is known about the relationship between patients' cultural and linguistic backgrounds and patient activation, especially in people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We examined the association between culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) background and patient activation and evaluated the impact of a codesigned integrated kidney and diabetes model of care on patient activation by CALD status in people with diabetes and CKD.

Methods: This longitudinal study recruited adults with diabetes and CKD (Stage 3a or worse) who attended a new diabetes and kidney disease service at a tertiary hospital. All completed the patient activation measure at baseline and after 12 months and had demographic and clinical data collected. Patients from CALD backgrounds included individuals who spoke a language other than English at home, while those from non-CALD backgrounds spoke English only as their primary language. Paired t-tests compared baseline and 12-month patient activation scores by CALD status.

Results: Patients from CALD backgrounds had lower activation scores (52.1 ± 17.6) compared to those from non-CALD backgrounds (58.5 ± 14.6) at baseline. Within-group comparisons showed that patient activation scores for patients from CALD backgrounds significantly improved by 7 points from baseline to 12 months follow-up (52.1 ± 17.6-59.4 ± 14.7), and no significant change was observed for those from non-CALD backgrounds (58.5 ± 14.6-58.8 ± 13.6).

Conclusions: Among patients with diabetes and CKD, those from CALD backgrounds report worse activation scores. Interventions that support people from CALD backgrounds with comorbid diabetes and CKD, such as the integrated kidney and diabetes model of care, may address racial and ethnic disparities that exist in patient activation and thus improve clinical outcomes.

Patient or public contribution: Patients, caregivers and national consumer advocacy organisations (Diabetes Australia and Kidney Health Australia) codesigned a new model of care in partnership with healthcare professionals and researchers. The development of the model of care was informed by focus groups of patients and healthcare professionals and semi-structured interviews of caregivers and healthcare professionals. Patients and caregivers also provided a rigorous evaluation of the new model of care, highlighting its strengths and weaknesses.

Keywords: chronic kidney disease; culturally and linguistically diverse background; diabetes; integrated kidney and diabetes model of care; patient activation.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adult
Cultural Diversity
Diabetes Mellitus* / therapy
Humans
Kidney
Longitudinal Studies
Patient Participation
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic* / therapy