Training characteristics and performance of two male elite short-distance triathletes: From junior to "world-class"

Abstract

Objective: The sports-science literature lacks data on training and performance characteristics of international elite athletes over multiple seasons. The present case study provided general training characteristics and performance data of two male short-distance triathletes in the Junior, U23, and international Elite categories.

Methods: General training and performance data of two male elite triathletes were described in swimming, cycling, and running segments from the 2015 to 2022 season. The training load was presented using the ECO model while the training intensity distribution (TID) was a triphasic model.

Results: Both triathletes increased their performance throughout the seasons. Triathlete A increased his VO_2max in cycling by 20.6%, in running by 16.7%. His power at VO_2max and his speed at VO_2max by 18.9% and 11.0%, respectively. Triathlete B improved his VO_2max by 17.8% in cycling, by 16.1% in running and his power at VO_2max by 24%, and his speed at VO_2max by 14.3%. The triathletes trained on average 14-17 h a week. The TID model was polarized.

Conclusions: To achieve the top international level, it is necessary to consider the following measures: training load progression; improvements in physiological variables; and participation in international events starting from youth categories.

Keywords: elite athletes; endurance training; long-term development; physiological variables; training intensity distribution; training load; training periodization; triathlon.