Circulating Sphingolipids and Glucose Homeostasis: An Update

Sarah Ali-Berrada; Jeanne Guitton; Sophie Tan-Chen; Anna Gyulkhandanyan; Eric Hajduch; Hervé Le Stunff

doi:10.3390/ijms241612720

Circulating Sphingolipids and Glucose Homeostasis: An Update

Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Aug 12;24(16):12720. doi: 10.3390/ijms241612720.

Authors

Sarah Ali-Berrada^{1

2}, Jeanne Guitton³, Sophie Tan-Chen^{1

2}, Anna Gyulkhandanyan^{1

2}, Eric Hajduch^{1

2}, Hervé Le Stunff³

Affiliations

¹ Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France.
² Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, 75013 Paris, France.
³ Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9197, 91400 Saclay, France.

Abstract

Sphingolipids are a family of lipid molecules produced through different pathways in mammals. Sphingolipids are structural components of membranes, but in response to obesity, they are implicated in the regulation of various cellular processes, including inflammation, apoptosis, cell proliferation, autophagy, and insulin resistance which favors dysregulation of glucose metabolism. Of all sphingolipids, two species, ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), are also found abundantly secreted into the bloodstream and associated with lipoproteins or extracellular vesicles. Plasma concentrations of these sphingolipids can be altered upon metabolic disorders and could serve as predictive biomarkers of these diseases. Recent important advances suggest that circulating sphingolipids not only serve as biomarkers but could also serve as mediators in the dysregulation of glucose homeostasis. In this review, advances of molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of ceramides and S1P association to lipoproteins or extracellular vesicles and how they could alter glucose metabolism are discussed.

Keywords: biomarkers; ceramides; extracellular vesicles; lipoproteins; sphingosine-1-phosphate.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Animals
Ceramides*
Glucose
Homeostasis
Mammals
Sphingolipids*

Substances

Sphingolipids
Ceramides
sphingosine 1-phosphate
Glucose

Grants and funding

The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université and Université Paris-Saclay. E.H. and H.L.S. are funded by the Société Francophone du Diabète (SFD). S.A.-B. and J.G. are funded by a scholarship from the French Research Ministry. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.