The role of 99mTc-DPD bone SPECT/CT in the management of growth disturbance of the long bones in pediatric patients: a retrospective observational study

Abstract

Backgrounds: Determining the precise localization of diseased physes is crucial for guiding the treatment of growth disturbances. Conventional radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging only provide information on physeal anatomy. Planar bone scintigraphy and bone single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) resolutions are suboptimal for clinically managing growth disturbances. Bone SPECT/CT, which provides high-resolution functional information, can be a useful tool for evaluating growth disturbances. The purposes of this study were to identify the conditions in which bone SPECT/CT outperforms planar scintigraphy or SPECT for evaluating the location and activity of diseased physes and to assess surgical outcomes using bone SPECT/CT findings in pediatric patients experiencing long bone growth disturbances.

Methods: Fifty-nine patients who underwent bone SPECT/CT between January 2018 and January 2021 to evaluate physeal activity using technetium-99 m-labeled 2,3-dicarboxypropane-1,1-diphosphonate (^99mTc-DPD) were included. The proportions of patients for whom certain modalities provided sufficient data for selecting treatment plans for growth disturbances were compared based on the site of the diseased physis, growth disturbance cause, and shape of deformity (i.e., SPECT/CT vs. planar scintigraphy and SPECT/CT vs. SPECT). For assessing surgical outcomes, progression of post-surgical deformity was investigated by measuring the angles reflecting the degree of deformity, iliac crest height difference, or ulnar variance on radiographs.

Results: Bone SPECT/CT was sufficient for selecting a treatment plan, but planar scintigraphy or SPECT alone was insufficient in every 10 patients with diseased physes inside the femoral head (p = 0.002) and in every six with physes that were severely deformed or whose locations were unclear on conventional radiography (p = 0.03). In the proximal or distal tibia, where the tibial and fibular physes often overlapped on planar scintigraphy due to leg rotation, bone SPECT/CT was sufficient in 33/34 patients (97%), but planar scintigraphy and SPECT were sufficient in 10/34 (29%) (p < 0.001) and 24/34 (71%) patients, respectively (p = 0.004). No progression or deformity recurrence occurred.

Conclusions: Bone SPECT/CT may be indicated in proximal femoral growth disturbance, when the physis is unclear on conventional radiography or severely deformed, the leg exhibits rotational deformity, or the patient is noncompliant.

Keywords: Bone SPECT/CT; Deformity; Growth disturbance; Growth plate; Physis.