Children and young people can present with a wide variety of symptomatic orofacial pathologies, which can often cause concern. As one presentation may masquerade in multiple pathologies, we start this chapter with a reminder of the surgical sieve used to form a differential diagnosis. An accurate history and examination are essential following which, multiple special investigations may be required. The role of the primary care clinician is recognising soft and hard tissue pathology, considering a differential diagnosis, arranging special investigations, and either initiating care for more straightforward conditions or referring for specialist input. This chapter covers common soft and hard tissue pathology, but is not an exhaustive list.This chapter aims to provide the reader with a practical guide to aid the diagnosis of orofacial pathology in the paediatric age group.
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